IP Osgoode has a sane and reasonable summary of the Jack Kirby copyright reversion case here.
8
Oct
IP Osgoode has a sane and reasonable summary of the Jack Kirby copyright reversion case here.
18
Sep
Sonia Sotomayor, commenting during oral argument in the Citizens United case which challenges campaign finance restrictions on corporations:
“[Judges] created corporations as persons, gave birth to corporations as persons… There could be an argument made that that was the court’s error to start with…[imbuing] a creature of state law with human characteristics.”
That is huge. Applying individual rights to corporate entities is a legal standard that’s been the norm for almost as long as the modern western world has had them; that a judge would challenge this at a Supreme Court level, even in oral argument, is massive. There’s no other way to describe it.
Sonia Sotomayor might well be the dreaded uberliberal the Republicans were terrified of.
13
Sep
Recently there has been an internet kerfuffle about a scene in Amazing Spider-Man #603, wherein the Chameleon, while impersonating Peter Parker, has sex with Peter’s roommate Michelle (because she of course believes him to be Peter). A number of fans have called out writer Fred Van Lente for using rape as a plot device in a comic book. So people naturally emailed me (a lot of people), all to the general gist of “hey, is that rape?”
The answer is: maybe.
There are certainly circumstances where deception can be an element of rape. As someone at scans_daily points out, “Heck in my 1L Criminal Law casebook there was a case where a doctor tricked a patient into having sex with him as part of her treatment. The courts found that it was indeed rape.”
However, the common element in cases where deception is an element of rape is that the deception in and of itself can impair the ability to consent. Most criminal law jurisdictions operating under the common law have a “doctor tricks patient into sex for medical reasons” case, because every jurisdiction has a few asshole doctors. But the reason that deception was considered rape was because convincing someone that having sex with you is necessary for the sake of your health or indeed your life makes it essentially impossible to refuse; it’s the verbal equivalent of a knife to the throat.
On the other end of the spectrum, most legal jurisdictions have considered anti-pickup-artist legislation designed to criminalize lying to women for the purposes of getting laid, and so far as I know nobody’s ever gotten past the consideration stage for one simple reason: it’s an incredibly paternalistic idea, and as a law essentially proposes that women can’t be considered able to tell truth from fiction. That’s an incredibly dangerous precedent to put into law, and there’s no real way to put together anti-pickup-artist legislation without that precedent that I (or most people) can see.
So, the most likely rule for the forseeable future in most jurisdictions is that lying to get laid isn’t going to be rape unless it can reasonably vitiate someone’s ability to consent. Not merely trick someone into consenting (which, while loathsome, is legal): it has to essentially remove their ability to consent altogether. Under this standard, can what the Chameleon did be considered rape?
And again, the answer is: maybe. If you tried this, it would depend on whether you got a judge who treated what the Chameleon did as a more advanced, evolved form of pickup line, or one who went with the idea that shapechanging into someone Michelle had already slept with removed her ability to reasonably consent to sex. It’s a very fine line, primarily because regardless of Dmitri having imitated Peter, I don’t think you can fairly say that Michelle would have necessarily slept with Peter (and to be honest, if it had actually been Peter in that situation, I seriously doubt he would have taken the actions the Chameleon did that led to the sex).
On the other hand, of course, you can phrase it like this: “would Michelle have slept with the Chameleon if she’d known it was him rather than Peter?” The answer here is of course “probably not,” but you can’t just say “well, she’d never sleep with the Chameleon because he is a bad dude.” Presumably the Chameleon would not say up front “by the way, I’m a super-villain,” or make it obvious to her that he was such (IE, by wearing his creepy white mask). Plenty of criminals “forget” to mention their records and/or lifestyle when they sleep with people, and we’re not going to reasonably call that rape. How about asking if the Chameleon – disguised as somebody else Michelle did not know – met her in a bar, what if she slept with him then? We wouldn’t call that rape at all.
But then again, hypotheticals like that get away from the core of the problem, which is that in this specific situation, Michelle would presumably not have been willing to sleep with anybody other than Peter (IE, in the apartment at that time and place), and that although sleeping with Peter wasn’t a guaranteed outcome it was still a possible one whereas for any other person it was probably impossible.
I could go back and forth all day on this, so here’s my bottom line. It was skeevy and gross, to be sure, and it probably shouldn’t have been in the comic given its general tastelessness. But given that I don’t think you can prove that Dmitri vitiated Michelle’s ability to consent, I don’t think you can call it rape.
UPDATE: David from Shifting Spanner mails:
I’ve only gone to this effort because I knew it wasn’t the law in Australia, and was pretty damn sure it wasn’t the law in the States or Canada (but don’t have the database access for enough case law in either).
The mistaken identity scenario is specifically mentioned as vitiating consent in (just as examples) the Crimes Act 1958 (VIC) s.36 and the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s.61HA(5)(a). I’m a bit baffled as to why the Canadian Criminal Code doesn’t mention it under any of the definitions of consent, although it is a statute sufficiently prudish to define sexual intercourse as involving “penetration to even the slightest degree, notwithstanding that seed is not emitted”. To be fair, it’s not specifically mentioned in the NY Penal Code, either.
Even in the absence of specific statutory guidance, Smerdyakov also doesn’t fit into a more common sense view of the consent. This was the sort of agreement where the identities of the parties was paramount. This wasn’t a random hook-up. If Ben Reilly did it, it would still be rape. Smerdyakov vitiated consent by fundamentally deceiving Michelle as to who she was having sex with in her own home.
So I think the answer on Smerdyakov has to be guilty. This wasn’t a pick-up artist situation where he lied only about what sort of person he was or what his name was. Smerdyakov deceived Michelle in a way that said ‘You know who I am’. It’s a fundamentally different deceit to ‘I know you don’t know me, but I invented foot massages and I’m awesome in the sack’.
This is interesting because Australia is the only major common-law jurisdiction that I’m not that familiar with. Now, I obviously argue from a Canadian context. Our Criminal Code‘s relevant provision states that consent is vitiated when ““the accused counsels or incites the complainant to engage in the activity by abusing a position of trust, power or authority“. There’s no explicit provision for mistaken identity.
In a Canadian context, the question then turns to whether Smerdyakov’s imitiation of Peter counts as “one of trust,” and although Smerdyakov’s act was morally repugnant, I still don’t think it would qualify because I think claiming Peter’s position vis-a-vis Michelle as “one of trust” just doesn’t fly: at the time of the deed,
Peter and Michelle had been roommates for, what – less than a month? Had sex together once while drunk? That’s clearly not intended under the statute. Granted, if a judge was offended enough by Smerdyakov’s act they could easily stretch the definition and create a precedent.
However, that mention of Ben Reilly intrigues me, because up until now I’d been working under the stupid assumption that Smerdyakov’s superpowers weren’t real-world duplicable, but of course they are: an identical twin can assume his twin’s identity for the purposes of sexual deceit. So I’ve started looking into whether an identical twin has ever been accused/convicted of sexual assault in this context, because… well, because it’s interesting, really.
UPDATE 2: In the sort of timeliness that makes you wonder if someone is making a movie about your life, a twin-posing-as-other-twin-for-sex who was then arrested for rape? Just a couple weeks ago. I shall keep an eye on this case to see how it develops.
7
Sep
My weekly TV column is up at Torontoist.
Also, now that I am the Managing Editor and Big Chief Hoo-Hah at thecourt.ca, I don’t really write posts there any more so much as I run the place. That having been said, this post about the Prime Minister’s office appealing the Khadr case to the Supreme Court by new staffer James Gotowiec is, I think, a hell of a read.
14
Aug
For those interested, this week at The Court I wrote about the failure of an objective reasonable person standard to take race into account. So, you know: thrills!
31
Jul
I don’t often pass along my work at TheCourt.ca here, but now that I am Managing Editor of the site and therefore incredibly important it seems only proper to pass along my commentary on that case where the young Jehovah’s Witness sued the government for not being allowed to die and that case where the SCC found that advertising on public transit must be considered protected speech and that case where a Hutterite enclave requested drivers’ licenses that didn’t have photographs on them.
Someone emailed me about this municipal tax change in Los Angeles, wherein “creators” are going to be taxed at the rate of “occupations and professions” rather than “wholesale and retail.” (WARNING: link contains lengthy comments section dominated by possibly-retarded Texan who turns the entire thread into a debate about whether or not Barack Obama is a secret Marxist and why Texas would be fine and dandy were it to secede.)
Thanks to Creators Syndicate and other such groups flexing their muscles, back in the 1990s creators were classified as “wholesale and retail” business, which has a lower tax rate. In Los Angeles, this matters, because a lot of creative muscle resides in the city. Anyway, Creators Syndicate is predictably throwing a hissy and threatening to leave. I particularly liked how Rick Newcombe, in his Wall Street Journal moanfest, complains that the city is “ignoring its own ruling” and that “the city is not bound by past rulings – only taxpayers are.”
Well, yes, of course that’s the case; any ruling on a tax situation in Los Angeles is going to be issued by the city clerk. Is the city clerk a judge? No. Are they a neutral party? No. The city clerk is an employee of the city of Los Angeles, and can reverse a previous ruling pretty much at whim because they’re only really expressing the tax preferences of the city. Sometimes those tax preferences will be “well, fuck it, we don’t want to get into a fight with Creators Syndicate right now.” Sometimes they won’t be.
And let’s be honest: classifying the job of creator as “wholesale and retail” is the most obvious kind of tax dodge in the first place, the sort of ruling that reeks of back-room gladhanding and favour-trading. Creators don’t sell their products on a wholesale or retail basis; they’re either working on a contracted basis or independently generating product that will be sold “wholesale or retail” only very rarely. The professions are more akin to what “creator” is; this reversal is merely a return to sensible tax policy, which is of course why people are screaming bloody murder.
3
Jul
After tonight’s SYTYCD elimination, I went over to Television Without Pity’s forums, mostly because I am a masochist. In between the usual ranting about how Philipchbeeb is ruining the show for them and so forth, I also found the usual bevy of conspiracy theories. Melissa is older than 30 because she has lines on her face! They are manipulating the Bottom Three couples so that people’s votes don’t matter! And so forth. (These complaints are always trotted out for American Idol as well, but I don’t care about Idol so I can let them go.)
I would just like to make it clear: these people are full of crap. I mean, they are full of crap on the level of the guy at that party who tells you that Kentucky Fried Chicken changed their name to KFC because they weren’t legally allowed to call it “chicken” any more, because they invented centipede-chickens with ten drumsticks apiece. They are graduates of the School Of Somebody Told Me.
How do I know they are full of crap? Because 19 Entertainment and Fox have created a happy fun television show that A) invites contestants to compete for a large cash prize, and B) invites the public to vote, at cost, to determine winners. In the case of both groups, the contestants, the show is therefore responsible to them to present the rules of the show publicly and openly, and to abide by those rules. Were the producers to not do this, then they would be liable to both groups; any contestants who felt slighted would be able to sue for the “loss of a chance,” which is well-established in contract law as potential grounds for a suit. There would similarly be grounds for a class action lawsuit on the public’s behalf.
This is why every episode ends with a disclaimer in small print admitting that the show’s producers might just possibly monkey around with partner selection and dance selection as they see fit. (I snark about non-random dance selection as much as anybody else, but if they say the dances are randomly assigned, they’re either assigning them purely randomly, or assigning them randomly and then offering a “trade” option of some sort that the dancers can take advantage of if they wish, or something along those lines.) It’s all about liability.
Seriously, it’s a multimillion dollar television franchise. They’re not gonna kill the cash cow with something that stupid.
9
Jun
People sometimes try to convince me that Mark Steyn’s drivel is worth taking seriously. As counter, I suggest people read his latest screed for Maclean’s wherein he bravely tackles the demon that is empathy:
Then-senator Obama voted against the confirmation of Chief Justice Roberts because the nominee said he saw the judge’s role as that of “umpire.” The President wants someone less hung up on the rule book. He likes to cite the case of Lilly Ledbetter, who sued Goodyear Tire for discrimination but ran up against the pesky old statute of limitations. An “empathetic” judge would presumably say, “Screw the statute of limitations.”
Now, Steyn is actually pretty smart despite his lack of ethics, so presumably he knows that the issue in Ledbetter v. Goodyear wasn’t whether or not to get rid of “the pesky old statute of limitations” but how the statute of limitations was applied, because the question was whether the statute of limitations should start running from the point that the pay discrimination that Ledbetter suffered began, or whether it should start running from the point where she became aware of it. The conservative wing of the Supreme Court decided against all common sense that it should be the former, and that the clock on Ledbetter’s ability to sue in fact began years before she even knew that she was being discriminated against.
Again, Steyn probably knows this. But I doubt he cares; it’s just one more bullet in his gun filled with the usual cheap potshots about how Palestinians are actually savage animals (which he knows because he was in the West Bank for a week this one time and he totally saw tons of convenience stores with “Martyr of the Week” posters, and just because Steyn was just busy completely mischaracterizing a well-known and entirely public legal decision two paragraphs previously, why would we ever suspect him of being a fabulist in this regard?) and then accusing Barack Obama of sympathizing with terrorists in his Cairo speech (you know, the one where he bluntly told the Arab world that violent extremism wasn’t just unacceptable, but also that Holocaust denialism was ridiculous, and that Palestinians needed to come to grips with the fact that the Israelis aren’t going anywhere, and that Muslim countries need to better ensure women’s rights).
He’s a cheap hack. He always has been, he always will be. Don’t ever forget it.
Top comment: Y’know, I notice that people keep angrily bringing up the fact that you called Steyn a cheap hack, but no-one seems to care that you called him a malicious asshole, too. – Skemono
26
May
…the American Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that police may question a defendant without a lawyer present.
Naturally, the freedom-loving conservatives on the Court saw no worry about the fears of the tyrannical state this time around (in a police powers case? Shocking). Antonin Scalia, well-known as that brilliant jurisprudential mind,1 wrote in his decision that “there is little if any chance that a defendant will be badgered into waiving his right to have counsel present during interrogation.”
To which all I can say is uh-huh.
25
May
1.) My weekly TV column is up at Torontoist.
2.) My article this week for The Court is about R. v. Middleton, a sentencing case. Be forewarned the topic matter is so dry I nearly fell asleep twice while writing it.
3.) Finally, I made a rare PODCASTING APPEARANCE on Hour 42 yesterday, wherein I articulated poorly about the potential of Gooch the Dark Wonder Dog, among other things.
20
May
In the fingerprinting post on Monday, will writes:
I’m still not clear on how the police having my fingerprints — or my DNA — on file could be used to oppress me.
Abandoning the dire fantasies of totalitarian government – for that is what they largely are – we can find the idea of oppression in harm inflicted on the citizen that is, by and large, unintentional. I’m not talking here about the Glenn Beck school of “I have to pay taxes and so I am oppressed.” I’m talking about mistake.
Like I said before: I’m not anti-cop. Cops do a hard job and most of the time they get it mostly right. But they never get it entirely right. There are always people who slip through the cracks of proper procedure. I spent a year working for the Innocence Project at Osgoode, helping people challenge convictions they argued to be unjust, and in every case where I think there was someone genuinely innocent convicted of a crime, there was a common thread: the police had already decided that this person was guilty.
Again: the police are right, most of the time, when somebody is guilty. But not always. And it’s the not-alwayses that become the horror stories of the justice system. The spouse isn’t always the person who murders their partner, regardless of how common it is for that to be the case (and it is common, believe me). The black drug dealer might be a drug dealer, but it turns out he didn’t kill anybody. And so on and so forth.
And so this is how having your fingerprints on file can be used to oppress you: you are a suspect in a murder that you did not commit. The police regard you as the likely culprit. They look for evidence to tie you to the crime, and because you knew the guy, hey what do you know your fingerprints are all over the place. The police have your fingerprints already, which paints you in the eyes of a jury as a shady individual. That combination of circumstantial evidence and worsening of your image is enough to get you sent away to a lengthy jail term for a crime you did not commit. And you can’t appeal based on the evidence being wrong – the justice system doesn’t work like that. You can only appeal on points of law, not points of fact (IE, you can argue that your fingerprints were wrongly introduced as evidence because the potential for creating bias outweighed the probative value of the evidence – but, in all seriousness, good luck with that approach).
The police have a tough job. Sometimes they take shortcuts. It happens, we shouldn’t really judge them for it, and most of the time it doesn’t hurt anybody – except when it does. That’s why we need institutional safeguards built into the system to make sure that poor evidence collection methods aren’t abused. And that’s why de facto fingerprinting of individuals who haven’t even been arrested for a crime is wrong.
18
May
The Tories introduced legislation that would allow police to collect fingerprints before a person is charged with a crime and would not require the police to destroy those fingerprints should the person never be charged. The Tories argue that this is about “streamlining” the affairs of police to make them more efficient. But here’s the thing. Consider this quote from Rob Nicholson, the Justice minister:
“Crime is constantly evolving in Canada so it is crucial that our criminal justice system evolves with it.”
Now, I like Rob Nicholson. But what the fuck does that even mean? Let’s be blunt: the only reason for this legislation is to give police the power to collect fingerprints of people who can’t be proven to be criminals, or even can’t be charged with a crime because there’s reasonable and probable grounds to charge them with a crime. How comfortable are you with the police having that power? Because I’m not.
I’m not reflexively anti-cop, or even generally anti-cop. I think cops in Canada do a valuable and difficult job and most of the time they do it very well. But here’s the thing: since policing is always going to be a political hobbyhorse of one stripe or another, the cops always feel a bit besieged. That sucks and it’s not fair to them, but it’s not fair that doctors are expected to be miracle-workers or that lawyers are fodder for jokes about amorality when we all know that we should be making those jokes about accountants instead.1
But the practical public downside of the cops feeling besieged is this: they tend to close ranks when one of their own is accused of wrongdoing, be that accusation merited or not. Usually it isn’t. But when it is, they protect bad actors within the system. And I this is exactly why I don’t like giving the police additional powers that are obviously and blatantly fodder for abuse – and this is definitely an abusive power just waiting to be used improperly.
Top comment: I look forward to you getting telepathic judges and super-speed cops to deal with the rampaging mutant criminal element. – lilacsigil
18
May
My weekly TV column is up at Torontoist. Also, I have a column regarding the SCC’s lengthy delay in deciding R. v. Suberu here. Guess which one has F-bombs in it!
11
May
My weekly TV column is up at Torontoist. But ALSO, I have a point/counterpoint column about the Tamil protests here. And on top of that, my first summer column for thecourt.ca is here, although it’s really just a longer, more serious-sounding rehash of the diversity arguments from last week.
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